The US burial of the INF Treaty with European complicity
美国埋葬与欧洲共谋的INF条约
by Manlio Dinucci
The « suspension » of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF), announced on 1 February by Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, has launched the count-down which, within six months, will count the United States out of the Treaty definitively. As from today, in any case, the USA considers itself free to test and to deploy weapons of the category forbidden by the Treaty – ground-based medium-range nuclear missiles (between 500 and 5,500 km).
美国国务卿迈克·彭配奥于2月1日宣布的《中程核力量条约》的“暂停”已启动倒计时，在6个月内，这将使美国最终退出条约。从今天起，无论如何，美国认为自己可以自由测试和部署条约禁止的武器——（500至5500公里的）陆基中程核导弹。
The nuclear missiles installed in Europe in the 1980's belong to this category – Pershing-2 ballistic missiles, installed by the United States in West Germany, and ground-launched cruise missiles, installed by the United States in Great Britain, Italy, West Germany, Belgium and Holland, under the pretext of defending the European allies from the SS-20 ballistic missiles installed by the Soviet Union on its own territory.
20世纪80年代在欧洲安装的核导弹属于这一类——美国在西德安装的潘兴-2弹道导弹和美国在英国、意大利、西德、比利时和荷兰安装的地面发射巡航导弹，其理由是保护欧洲盟国不受苏联在其领土上安装的SS-20弹道导弹的威胁。
The INF Treaty, signed in 1987 by Presidents Gorbatchev and Reagan, eliminated all the missiles of this category, including those based in Comiso (Sicily).
1987年，由戈尔巴乔夫总统和里根总统签署的《中导条约》取消了这类导弹，包括那些位于科米索（西西里）的导弹。
The INF Treaty was called into question by Washington when the United States saw their strategic advantage over Russia and China diminish. In 2014, the Obama administration accused Russia, without the slightest proof, of having tested a cruise missile (mark 9M729) belonging to the category forbidden by the Treaty. And in 2015, it announced that « due to the violation of the INF Treaty by Russia, the United States are considering the deployment in Europe of ground-based missiles ». This plan was confirmed by the Trump administration. In 2018, Congress authorised the financing of a « research and development programme for a cruise missile launched from a road-based mobile platform ». From Moscow's side, they denied that their cruise missile violated the Treaty and in turn accused Washington of having installed, in Poland and Romania, launch ramps for interceptor missiles (from the « shield »), which can be used to launch cruise missiles bearing nuclear warheads.
当美国看到其对俄罗斯和中国的战略优势减弱时，华盛顿对《中印条约》提出了质疑。2014年，奥巴马政府指责俄罗斯在没有丝毫证据的情况下测试了一枚属于条约禁止类别的巡航导弹（马克9M729）。2015年，它宣布“由于俄罗斯违反了INF条约，美国正在考虑在欧洲部署陆基导弹”。川普政府证实了这一计划。2018年，国会授权资助一项“从陆基移动平台发射的巡航导弹研究与开发计划”。在莫斯科方面，他们否认他们的巡航导弹违反了条约，进而指责华盛顿在波兰和罗马尼亚安装了拦截导弹发射坡道（从“盾牌”发射），可用于发射带有核弹头的巡航导弹。
In this context, we have to remember the geographical factor – while a US medium-range nuclear missile based in Europe can hit Moscow, a similar missile based by Russia on its own territory can reach the European capitals, but not Washington. If we turn the scenario round, it's as if Russia were to install its medium-range nuclear missiles in Mexico.
在这种情况下，我们必须记住地理因素——虽然美国在欧洲的中程核导弹可以击中莫斯科，但俄罗斯在其领土上的类似导弹只能到达欧洲首都，但打到华盛顿却不行。如果我们换位思考一下，这就好像俄罗斯要在墨西哥安装中程核导弹。
The US plan to bury the INF Treaty has been fully supported by the European allies of NATO. The North Atlantic Council declared, on 4 December 2018, that the « the INF Treaty is in danger because of the actions of Russia », which was accused of deploying « a destabilising missile system ». The same Council declared yesterday its « full support for the action of the United States in suspending its obligations concerning the INF Treaty » and told Russia to use the remaining six months to « return to a complete observance of the Treaty » [1].
美国埋葬《中程弹道导弹》条约的计划得到了北约欧洲盟国的全力支持。北大西洋理事会于2018年12月4日宣布，“中导条约因俄罗斯的行动而处于危险之中”，该条约被指控部署了“不稳定的导弹系统”。这个理事会昨天还宣布“全力支持美国暂停履行其与《中频条约》有关的义务”，并要求俄罗斯利用剩下的六个月“重新完全遵守该条约”[1]。
The collapse of the INF Treaty was also helped along by the contribution of the European Union which, at the UN General Assembly on 21 December 2018, voted against the resolution presented by Russia on the « Preservation and implementation of the INF Treaty », rejected by 46 votes against 43, with 78 abstentions. The European Union – of which 21 of its 27 members are also members of NATO (the United Kingdom remains a member while leaving the EU) – rallied unanimously to the position of NATO, which in turn rallied unanimously to that of the United States. In substance, then, the European Union has also given its green light for the possible installation of new US nuclear missiles in Europe, including Italy.
欧洲联盟于2018年12月21日在联合国大会上投票反对俄罗斯提出的关于“保留和执行《中程弹道导弹条约》的决议，46票反对，43票赞成，78票弃权，也有助于《中导条约》的瓦解。欧盟（27个成员国中的21个也是北约成员国（英国离开欧盟时仍为北约成员国））一致同意北约的立场，而北约又一致同意美国的立场。实质上，欧盟也为可能在欧洲（包括意大利）安装新的美国核导弹发出了绿灯。
On a question of this importance, the Conte government, like those before it, has aligned itself with both NATO and the EU. And across the whole political arc, not one voice was raised to state that Parliament should decide how to vote at the UNO on the INF Treaty. And again, no voice was raised in Parliament to ask that Italy should observe the non-proliferation Treaty and adhere to that of the UNO concerning the ban on nuclear weapons, forcing the USA to withdraw from our national territory its B61 nuclear bombs and not to install, from the first half of 2020, the even more dangerous B61-12's.
在这个重要的问题上，朱赛佩·孔蒂政府和以前的政府一样，已经与北约和欧盟结盟。在整个政治圈内，没有一个声音提出议会应决定如何在联合国组织就《中导条约》进行表决。再一次，议会没有提出要求意大利遵守《不扩散条约》，并遵守联合国组织关于禁止核武器的条约，迫使美国从意大利领土上撤出其B61核弹，从2020年上半年起不再安装更危险的B61-12。
Since it has on its territory nuclear weapons and US strategic installations, with the Muos and the Jtags in Sicily, Italy is exposed to growing dangers as an advanced base of US nuclear forces, and thus a target for Russian forces. A medium-range ballistic nuclear missile takes between 6 and 11 minutes to reach its target. A fine example for the defence of our sovereignty, inscribed in the Constitution, and for our security, that the Government guaranteed by closing the door to migrants, but opening it wide to admit US nuclear weapons.
由于意大利在其领土上拥有核武器和美国战略设施，MUO和JTags在西西里，意大利作为美国核力量的前线基地，因而成为俄罗斯军队的目标，面临着日益增长的危险。中程弹道核导弹需要6到11分钟就能达到目标。这是一个很好的例子，为了捍卫宪法中的主权，为了我们的安全，政府保证关闭移民之门，但允许我们拥有核武器。
[1] « Déclaration de l’Otan concernant le non-respect du traité sur les forces nucléaires à portée intermédiaire (FNI) par la Russie », Voltaire Network, 1 February 2019.
[1]俄罗斯关于不遵守《中程核力量条约》的北约声明，伏尔泰网，2019年2月1日。
il manifesto, 2019年2月2日
转载: Pearl
没有战争没有北约
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Italia e Ue votano per i missili Usa in Europa
(EN/CH/FR/PT/RO/SP/NL/DE/NO/RU/HR/CZ/PO/SV/JP/FN/DAN)
曼利奥·迪努希 地理学家和政治学家。 他最新的书：Laboratorio di geografia, Zanichelli 2014 ; Diario di viaggio, Zanichelli 2017 ; L’arte della guerra / Annali della strategia Usa/Nato 1990-2016, Zambon 2016, Guerra Nucleare. Il Giorno Prima 2017; Diario di guerra Asterios Editores 2018.
